Types of taxes
Ever since I started working full time
& earning at age of 23 years, I have started complaining to my father see
how much I paid in taxes, my father always use to say “if you have started paying
taxes its good thing that you earned an income.”
How many of you actually love to pay tax
& how many of you know that government ask us to pay tax via 20 different
manners? In this article I will provide
you brief information about these 20 taxes in India.
Also Read – 20 Tax Free Incomes in India
Tax is imposing financial charges on
individual or company by central government or state government. Collected Tax
amount is used for building nation (infrastructure & other development), to
increase arms and ammunition for defense of country and for other welfare
related work. That’s why it is said that “Taxes are paid nation are made”.
Type of Taxes in India:-
Direct Taxes:-
These types of taxes are directly
imposed & paid to Government of India. There has been a steady rise in the
net Direct Tax collections in India over the years, which is healthy signal.
Direct taxes, which are imposed by the Government of India, are:
(1)
Income Tax:-
Income tax, this tax is mostly known to
everyone. Every individual whose total income exceeds taxable limit has to pay
income tax based on prevailing rates applicable time to time.
By doing investment in certain scheme
you can save Income Tax.
(2) Capital Gains Tax:-
Capital Gain tax as name suggests it is
tax on gain in capital. If you sale property, shares, bonds & precious
material etc. and earn profit on it within predefined time frame you are
supposed to pay capital gain tax. The capital gain is the difference between
the money received from selling the asset and the price paid for it.
Capital gain tax is categorized into
short-term gains and long-term gains. The Long-term Capital Gains Tax is
charged if the capital assets are kept for more than certain period 1 year in
case of share and 3 years in case of property. Short-term Capital Gains Tax is
applicable if these assets are held for less than the above-mentioned period.
Rate at which this tax is applied varies
based on investment class.
Example:-
If you purchase share at say 1000 Rs/-
(per share) and after two months this price increased to 1200 Rs/-(per share)
you decide to sale this stock and earn profit of 200 Rs/- per share. If you do
so you have to pay Short term CGT (capital gain tax) @ 10% +Education cess on
profit as it is short term capital gain. If you hold same share for 1 year or
above it is considered as long term capital gain and you need not to pay
capital gain tax.it is considered as tax free.
Similarly if you purchase property after
two year if you find that property price in which you invested has increased
and you decide to sale it you need to pay short term capital gain tax.
For property it is considered as long
term capital gain if you hold property for 3 years or above.
(3)
Securities Transaction Tax:-
A lot of people do not declare their
profit and avoid paying capital gain tax, as government can only tax those
profits, which have been declared by people. To fight with this situation
Government has introduced STT (Securities Transaction Tax ) which is applicable
on every transaction done at stock exchange. That means if you buy or sell
equity shares, derivative instruments, equity oriented Mutual Funds this tax is
applicable.
This tax is added to the price of
security during the transaction itself, hence you cannot avoid (save) it. As
this tax amount is very low people do not notice it much.
Current STT Rates are:-
Tax Rates
(4)
Perquisite Tax:-
Earlier to Perquisite Tax we had tax
called FBT (Fringe Benefit Tax) which was abolished in 2009, this tax is on
benefit given by employer to employee. E.g If your company provides you
non-monetary benefits like car with driver, club membership, ESOP etc. All this
benefit is taxable under perquisite Tax.
In case of ESOP The employee will have
to pay tax on the difference between the Fair Market Value (FMV) of the shares
on the date of exercise and the price paid by him/her.
(5)
Corporate Tax:-
Corporate Taxes are annual taxes payable
on the income of a corporate operating in India. For the purpose of taxation
companies in India are broadly classified into domestic companies and foreign
companies.
corporate tax
In addition to above other taxes are
also applicable on corporates.
Indirect Taxes:-
(6)
Sales Tax :-
Sales tax charged on the sales of
movable goods. Sale tax on Inter State sale is charged by Union Government,
while sales tax on intra-State sale (sale within State) (now termed as VAT) is
charged by State Government.
Sales can be broadly classified in three
categories. (a) Inter-State Sale (b) Sale during import/export (c) Intra-State
(i.e. within the State) sale. State Government can impose sales tax only on
sale within the State.
CST is payable on inter-State sales is @
2%, if C form is obtained. Even if CST is charged by Union Government, the
revenue goes to State Government. State from which movement of goods commences
gets revenue. CST Act is administered by State Government.
(7)
Service Tax:-
Most of the paid services you take you
have to pay service tax on those services. This tax is called service tax. Over the past few years, service tax been
expanded to cover new services.
Few of the major service which comes
under vicinity of service tax are telephone, tour operator, architect, interior
decorator, advertising, beauty parlor, health center, banking and financial
service, event management, maintenance service, consultancy service
Current rate of interest on service tax
is 14%. This tax is passed on to us by service provider.
(8)
Value Added Tax:-
The Sales Tax is the most important
source of revenue of the state governments; every state has their respective
Sales Tax Act. The tax rates are also different for respective states.
Tax imposed by Central government on
sale of goods is called as Sales tax same is called as Value added tax by state
government.VAT is additional to the price of goods and passed on to us as buyer
(end user). Around 220+ Items are covered with VAT.VAT rates vary based on
nature of item and state.
Government is planning to merge service
tax and sales tax in form of Goods service tax (GST).
Also Read:- Download new 15G/15H Forms
(9)
Custom duty &Octroi (On Goods):-
Custom Duty is a type of indirect tax
charged on goods imported into India. One has to pay this duty , on goods that
are imported from a foreign country into India. This duty is often payable at
the port of entry (like the airport). This duty rate varies based on nature of
items.
Octroi is tax applicable on goods
entering in to municipality or any other jurisdiction for use, consumption or
sale. In simple terms one can call it as Entry Tax.
(10) Excise Duty:-
An excise or excise duty is a type of
tax charged on goods produced within the country. This is opposite to custom
duty which is charged on bringing goods from outside of country. Another name
of this tax is CENVAT (Central Value Added Tax).
If you are producer / manufacturer of
goods or you hire labor to manufacture goods you are liable to pay excise duty.
At some of places you need to pay tax in
order to use infrastructure (road, bridge etc.) build from your money given to
government as Tax. This tax is called as toll tax. This tax amount is very
small amount but, to be paid for maintenance work and good up keeping.
So in total you pay 20 different taxes in direct
or indirect way. At the end in order to make you laugh i will tell you one
small joke on tax
